Apparatus:
Volumetric flask,
conical flask,
beaker,
burette,
pipette,
filter paper
Reagents:
* 0.1N Iodine solution ( 40 gm KI in 1 Ltr of Distilled water ).
* 0.05N Sodium Thiosulphate solution (12.5 gm Na2S2O3.5H2O in 1 Ltr Distilled water)
* 1% Starch solution
* Activated carbon
Procedure:
I Standardisation of Iodine solution
* Take 10c.c of 0.1N Iodine solution in [....]
Ion exchange removes unwanted ions from a raw water by transferring them to a solid material, called an ion exchanger, which accepts them while giving back an equivalent number of a desirable species stored on the ion exchanger skeleton.
The ion exchanger has a limited capacity for storage of ions on its skeleton, called its exchange capacity; [....]
Apparatus:
* Incubator
* Stoppard Bottles
* Burette
* Pipette
* Conical flask
Chemicals: Reagents
* MnSO4 soln (364 gm MnSO4.H2O + 1 ltr boiling D.W.)
* CaCl2 soln. (27.5gm anhydrous CaCl2 + 1 Ltr D.W.)
* FeCl3 soln. (0.25gm FeCl3.6H2O + 1 Ltr D.W.)
* Phosphate Buffer [....]
Procedure:
* Weigh a clean crucible (D)
* Put the filter paper with residue in the previously weighed crucible
* Keep in the furnace at 5000C for complete ignition (for around 2 Hrs)
* After complete ignition remove the crucible from the furnace
* Cool the crucible and then weigh (E)
Note: Whatman filter paper is an ash [....]
Apparatus:
Separating funnel, beaker, measuring cylinder, funnel.
Chemicals: Petroleum Ether 400– 600 C, Conc. HCl, Methyl orange indicator.
Procedure:
* Take 150 ml of sample in separating funnel.
* Add 2-3 ml of concentrated HCl .
* Add 30 ml of Petroleum ether solvent.
* Add indicator methyl orange 2-3 drops.
* Stopper the separating funnel and [....]
Principle:
In a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, Potassium Chromate can
indicate the end point of silver nitrate solution.Silver chloride is precipitated
Quantitatively before red silver chromate is formed.Estimation of chlorine by
this method is known as Argento metric Titration.
Reagents:
* Potassium Chromate solution
* Standard Silver Nitrate Titrant
* Standard sodium chloride solution
Procedure:a) sample Preparation
* [....]