The rate of flow equals the cross-sectional Area of the pipe
Multiplied by the velocity of the water movement Through it, or
Q = AV
Where
Q = volume of flow past a given point per unit of time
A = cross-sectional area of the pipe or conduit
V = velocity of fluid travel in terms of distance per unit [....]
Determination of Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids
Apparatus :
* Furnace
* Whatman Filter paper No – 42
* Silica Crucible
* Funnel
Procedure :
* Take 20 ml of aerated sample and filter it through Previously weighed whatman paper No – 42
* Wait for complete filtration by giving 2-3 washings with distilled water.
* After complete filtration keep the paper in oven at 1000C for [....]
Calculation of Normality
Equivalent weight (EW) = Molecular weight (MW) / Valencey. (Z)
Normality (N) = Equivalent weight (EW) / Volume of Solution (1000 ml.)
Meq = Actual weight (W) / Equivalent weight (EW)
Example:Molecular wt of K2Cr2O7 is 294.148 gm
Valency = 6 (because of Cr -6)
EW = 294.148/6 = 49.025
N = 49.025/1000 [....]
Limitation & Disadvantage of Reverse Osmosis
Even many advantage if have using by Reverse Osmosis. Similarly, the disadvantages of reverse osmosis are several, but the main that to remember is that additional steps are required for complete purification Mainly in industrial sectors i.e post treatment .
1. The System cost will be higher
2. The High Pressure Pump is required to extract Clear water from the [....]
Water Quality Standards:Inland Surface
|
Sr.No |
Parameter |
Standard |
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
|
Colour and odour Suspended Solids, mg/l, Max Particle size of suspended solids Dissolved solids (inorganic), mg/a, mac pH value Temperature o |
Removal of COD, BOD: Ultrafiltration?
There is no possibility to reduce/remove COD & BOD Level by using Ultra Filtration (UF).
The Surface water Contain Less COD & BOD. But, In industrial Effluents,which will be higher Approximate 900 ppm and 350 ppm respectively(this is textile processing fig).
But you Can reduce these level by adopting Ozonator or U-V ray System, but the cost is High,moreover Some [....]