In water treatment plant, we need to be evaporated water or Reactivated sludge (MLSS) and Chemical sludge.In this case we should know the Heat energy calculation for Sludge drying.
It is help to analyze quondam of Heat Energy require to evaporate such a medium.
Ok, for example. we’ll take. A Sludge containing 80% water is to be dried at 100°C [....]
Before to Select Poly Aluminium Chloride, we should understand the formula chain, in the the general formula (Aln(OH)mCl(3n-m))x and have a polymeric structure,totally soluble in water.
The length of the polymerised chain, molecular weight and number of ionic charges is determined by the degree of polymerisation. On hydrolysis, various mono- and polymeric [....]
For water treatment applications,Now a Days number of alternative aluminium-based coagulants have been developed instead of Alum.
ADVANTAGES OF POLYALUMINIUM COAGULANTS over ALUM
1. The Polyaluminium coagulants in general consume considerably less alkalinity than alum.
2. Compared to alum it works effective over a broader pH range,PACl works satisfactorily over a pH range of 5.0 to 8.0.
3. In water [....]
In vacuum filters, the driving force for filtration results from the application of suction on the filtrate side of the medium. Although the theoretical pressure drop available for vacuum filtration is 100 kPa, =1 Kg/cm2 in practice it is often limited to 70 or 80 kPa or even less. principle
In applications where the fraction of fine particles in [....]
Chemical Constituents of Wastewater, the dissolved and suspended solids in wastewater contain organic and inorganic material.
Organic Matter may include carbohydrates, fats, oils, grease, surfactants, proteins, pesticides and other agricultural chemicals, volatile organic compounds, and other toxic chemicals (household and industrial).
Inorganics may include heavy metals, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), pH, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfur, and other inorganic pollutants.
Gases [....]