Calcium (Ca)
A divalent cation. Calcium, along with magnesium, is a major component of hardness in brackish water. The solubility of…
Brackish Water
Brackish water, in one sense, is defined as a fresh low TDS water source that experiences a large increase…
Boron (B)
Boron can be found in seawater at levels up to 5 ppm and at lower levels in brackish waters…
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
A monovalent anion. The solubility of calcium bicarbonate is low and can cause a RO scaling problem in the back-end…
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
BOD is a non-specific test that measures the quantity of "biologically-degradable" organic matter and is reported as "ppm as…
Ammonium (NH4)
A monovalent cation. Ammonium salts are very soluble and do not cause a RO scaling problem. The ammonium ion…
Aluminum (Al):
Aluminum, based on its low solubility, is typically not found in any significant concentrations in well or surface waters.…